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The characterization of blood platelet cellular prion protein
Broučková, Adéla ; Holada, Karel (advisor) ; Matěj, Radoslav (referee) ; Suttnar, Jiří (referee)
The conformational conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrPc) to the misfolded isoform (PrPsc) is the central pathogenic event in the transmissible neurodegenerative prion diseases. The recently shown transmissibility of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by blood transfusion emphasizes the need for better understanding of the PrPc in blood. In the current thesis, we focused on blood platelet PrPc, which has not been very well described so far. In the first part of the thesis, platelet PrPc was characterized as glycosylphosphatidylinositol- anchored glycoprotein with dominant diglycosylated form. Platelet PrPc was shown to be sensitive to cleavage with proteinase K, which is a feature discriminating between cellular and pathological prion protein. We have confirmed that platelet PrPc binds copper ions by its N- terminal octapeptide repeat region. Regarding quantity of PrPc molecules expressed on blood elements we have proved that both platelets and red blood cells express considerable amount of PrPc and thus can not be neglected in the problematic of prions transmission by blood transfusion. The detailed study regarding PrPc localization in blood platelets is presented in the second part of the thesis. PrPc was shown to be expressed in -granules as well as on the cytoplasmic membrane of...
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Application of transfusion in time of nursing practice
SPILKOVÁ, Eliška
The bachelor thesis "Application of transfusion in time of nursing practice" is founded on the theoretical basis. The aim is to analyse the evolution of using the blood transfusion and to examine the changes in position of nurse during the process. The thesis is written as historical-analytical study of primary and secondary sources supported by individual interpretation of these texts. There are two questions to be answered in the analytical part. The first one asks how the transfusion changes in time? The use of transfusion started with an attempt to apply this technique first to animals and then to people. The major milestones for further development of using blood transfusion were the discoveries of bloodstream, blood groups and Rh system of blood groups. Next, the thesis explores the aspects which might have changed the position of nurse during the process of transfusion. The analysis shows that these aspects are mainly law, decree and the progress of health care. Blood has always been one of the main focuses of human kind. In antiquity, the blood was used during the ceremonial sacrifices. The first transfusion is dated to 1490. With the discovery of the bloodstream by William Harvey in the 17th century, the awareness about function of blood and the treatment of bleeding raised. After this discovery there were many attempts to use transfusion but most of them ended unsuccessfully in death or damaged health. The use of transfusion gained its popularity in the 20th century with the discovery of blood groups and Rh system of blood groups. The position of the nurse during the transfusion process is recorded from the 20th century.
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Early postoperative care of the patient with the left ventricular assist device HeartMate II
Malá, Irena ; Hocková, Jana (advisor) ; Slabý, Josef (referee)
Author's name: Bc. Irena Malá School: Charles university, Prague 1st Faculty of Medicine Institut of Theory and Practice of Nursing Vídeňská 800, 140 59 Prague 4 - Krč Program: Health Care Administration Title: Early postoperative care of the patient with the left ventricular assist device HeartMate II Diploma thesis supervisor: PhDr. Hocková Jana, PhD. Number of pages: 170 Number of attachments: 41 Year: 2013 Key words: early postoperative care, hypotermia, blood transfusion, fluid resuscitation, perioperative cardiovascular dysfunction, pharmacologic support, ventricular assist device HeartMateII, monitoration, device, cardiac arrhythmias, ventilation management, postoperative anticoagulation, glycemic kontrol, renal insufficiency, nutrition, nursing, complications, physiotherapy, psychological aspects The occurrence of the heart failure is similar to an epidemic with high mortality. This fact, together with stagnate or even decreasing number of suitable donors, led to a need of replacing the heart pump activity with an artificial one. Mechanical cardiac support systems are sophisticated devices that are able to support a certain period of time or completely replace the function of the heart as a pump. The indications implantation of mechanical cardiac support is significant symptomatic heart...
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The characterization of blood platelet cellular prion protein
Broučková, Adéla ; Holada, Karel (advisor) ; Matěj, Radoslav (referee) ; Suttnar, Jiří (referee)
The conformational conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrPc) to the misfolded isoform (PrPsc) is the central pathogenic event in the transmissible neurodegenerative prion diseases. The recently shown transmissibility of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease by blood transfusion emphasizes the need for better understanding of the PrPc in blood. In the current thesis, we focused on blood platelet PrPc, which has not been very well described so far. In the first part of the thesis, platelet PrPc was characterized as glycosylphosphatidylinositol- anchored glycoprotein with dominant diglycosylated form. Platelet PrPc was shown to be sensitive to cleavage with proteinase K, which is a feature discriminating between cellular and pathological prion protein. We have confirmed that platelet PrPc binds copper ions by its N- terminal octapeptide repeat region. Regarding quantity of PrPc molecules expressed on blood elements we have proved that both platelets and red blood cells express considerable amount of PrPc and thus can not be neglected in the problematic of prions transmission by blood transfusion. The detailed study regarding PrPc localization in blood platelets is presented in the second part of the thesis. PrPc was shown to be expressed in -granules as well as on the cytoplasmic membrane of...
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